IELTS Coherence & Cohesion: the band-7 linking guide
IELTS specialists — MUIC & Chulalongkorn University alumni, IELTS Speaking Band 9, IDP-certified.
Coherence & Cohesion is a quarter of your IELTS Writing score, and it rewards clear organisation more than fancy linking words. For band 7 you need logical paragraphs with one central idea each, clear topic sentences, a range of cohesive devices used accurately, and smooth referencing (this, such, which) — without mechanically starting every sentence with 'Firstly, Secondly, Finally'.
What the criterion actually measures
Coherence is whether your ideas flow logically; cohesion is the grammar that links them. Examiners reward information that is easy to follow and paragraphs that are logically organised — clarity first, connectors second.
Paragraphing and topic sentences
- One clear central idea per paragraph, announced by a topic sentence.
- Group related points together; don't jump between ideas mid-paragraph.
- A simple, visible structure (intro, two bodies, conclusion) reads as coherent.
Cohesion beyond linking words
- Referencing: this trend, such measures, which — so you don't repeat nouns.
- Substitution & ellipsis: 'the former', 'the latter', 'doing so'.
- A range of linkers used correctly: however, as a result, whereas, in contrast, for instance.
The difference between band 6 and 7
Band 6 often over-uses obvious connectors and has occasionally faulty referencing. Band 7 uses cohesion flexibly and mostly accurately, and paragraphs each have a clear central topic. The fix is usually fewer, better-placed linkers plus tighter paragraphs — not more 'Moreover's.
Frequently asked questions
Do more linking words mean a higher score?
No — over-using them lowers the score. Band 7 uses a range accurately and naturally, with clear paragraphing doing most of the work.
How many paragraphs should an IELTS essay have?
Usually four: introduction, two body paragraphs and a conclusion. Each body paragraph should develop one central idea.
Is 'Firstly, Secondly, Finally' bad?
It's fine occasionally, but relying on it for every point is mechanical. Vary your cohesion and let topic sentences carry the structure.
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